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Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2014Previously unrecognized but clinicopathologically (and often molecularly) distinct types of soft tissue tumor continue to be characterized, allowing wider recognition,... (Review)
Review
Previously unrecognized but clinicopathologically (and often molecularly) distinct types of soft tissue tumor continue to be characterized, allowing wider recognition, more consistent application of diagnostic criteria, more reliable prediction of tumor behavior and enhancement of existing classification schemes. Examples of such 'entities' that have become much better understood over the past decade or so include deep 'benign' fibrous histiocytoma, hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor, PEComa, spindle cell liposarcoma, myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue and spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma. These tumor types, as well as the insights which they have engendered, are briefly reviewed here.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Liposarcoma; Myoepithelioma; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms; Prognosis; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 24384856
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.172 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Sep 2008Minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) are infrequent, representing 10-15% of all salivary neoplasms. Despite this low frequency, MSGTs conform a heterogeneous group of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) are infrequent, representing 10-15% of all salivary neoplasms. Despite this low frequency, MSGTs conform a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by a broad range of histological types.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
We identified cases of MSGT in a retrospective study of the biopsies made in the period 1997-2007 in the Service of Oral Surgery (Dental Clinic of the University of Barcelona, Spain). The data collected comprised patient age and sex, the clinical characteristics and location of the tumor, the duration of the lesion, its size, the treatment provided, and the histopathological findings.
RESULTS
Of the 18 cases of MSGT studied, 12 corresponded to women (66.7%) and 6 to men (33.3%). The great majority (94.4%) were benign tumors. The preferential location was the posterior third of the hard palate (33.2%), followed by the soft palate (16.7%) and the mucosa of the upper lip (16.7%). The histopathological diagnoses of our MSGTs comprised 10 pleomorphic adenomas (55.3%), 2 cystadenomas (11.1%), 1 myoepithelioma (5.6%), 1 sialadenoma papilliferum (5.6%), 1 basal cell adenoma (5.6%), 1 Warthin's tumor (5.6%), 1 canalicular adenoma (5.6%), and 1 low-grade polymorphic adenocarcinoma (5.6%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Coinciding with our own results, the literature describes a high recurrence rate for MSGTs (5-30%) when surgical removal is incomplete. Six percent of all benign minor salivary gland tumors are considered to relapse, versus 65% of all malignant lesions. Periodic clinical controls are required, since the possibility of malignant transformation must be taken into account.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands, Minor; Young Adult
PubMed: 18758404
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2019The aim of this study is to analyze the utility of immunohistochemical markers such as CD117 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the diagnosis of various benign and...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to analyze the utility of immunohistochemical markers such as CD117 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the diagnosis of various benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study comprises 17 samples categorized into three groups: Group I consisted of 5 histopathologically normal salivary gland tissue; Group II comprised 7 cases, of which 3 cases were pleomorphic adenoma, 3 cases were myoepithelioma and 1 case was Warthin's tumor; and Group III consisted of 5 cases, of which 1 was mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 4 cases were adenoid cystic carcinoma. The selected cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedure to assess the expression pattern of CD117 and SMA.
RESULTS
In SMA, 85.8% showed severe-to-moderate intense expression among the tumor cells in benign salivary gland tumor. All the 5 malignant tumors showed the expression of SMA and 3 cases demonstrated severe expression among the tumor cells. An intense expression pattern of SMA was observed in both benign and malignant neoplasms in the periphery and stromal components of the tumor. Only two cases were positive for CD117, and connective tissue components were completely negative in both malignant and benign salivary gland neoplasms.
CONCLUSION
Alpha-SMA can be utilized as reliable IHC markers for salivary gland neoplasms due to its diagnostic importance in tumors with myoepithelial origin indicative of the histogenesis of salivary gland tumors.
PubMed: 31516227
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_225_18 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Oct 2019Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma (CSM) is a rare but distinctive benign variant in the family of myoepithelial neoplasms of skin and soft tissue. CSM has unique...
Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma (CSM) is a rare but distinctive benign variant in the family of myoepithelial neoplasms of skin and soft tissue. CSM has unique morphologic and immunohistochemical features, characterized by intradermal syncytial growth of spindled, ovoid, and histiocytoid cells and consistent staining for S-100 protein and EMA, and differs from other myoepithelial tumors by showing only infrequent keratin staining. Rearrangement of the EWSR1 gene is now known to occur in up to half of all skin and soft tissue myoepithelial tumors, with a wide family of documented fusion partners. In 2013, we reported frequent (80%) EWSR1 rearrangements in CSM, but were unable to identify the fusion partner using available studies at that time. After recent identification of an index case of CSM harboring an EWSR1-PBX3 fusion, we used a combination of targeted RNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies to investigate the genetic features of a cohort of CSM. An EWSR1-PBX3 fusion was identified in all 13 cases successfully tested. RNA sequencing was successful in 8/13 cases, all of which were found to have identical breakpoints fusing exon 8 of EWSR1 to exon 5 of PBX3. FISH confirmed both EWSR1 and PBX3 rearrangements in 9/9 cases tested, which included 4 confirmed to have EWSR1-PBX3 fusion by RNA-Seq, 3 cases that failed RNA-Seq, and 2 cases examined by FISH alone. Two cases failed RNA sequencing but had no additional tissue remaining for FISH studies. Our findings demonstrate that EWSR1-PBX3 fusions occur in most (and possibly all) cases of CSM.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Gene Fusion; Gene Rearrangement; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Male; Middle Aged; Myoepithelioma; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; RNA-Binding Protein EWS; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Skin Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 31135487
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001286 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Sep 2011The aim of this study was to present a rare neoplasm, Primary myoepithelial carcinoma arising from the palate, and to review its diagnostic criteria, pathologic and...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to present a rare neoplasm, Primary myoepithelial carcinoma arising from the palate, and to review its diagnostic criteria, pathologic and clinical characteristics, treatment options and prognosis.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION
Myoepitheliomas are tumors arising from myoepithelial cells mainly or exclusively. Myoepitheliomas mostly occur in salivary glands, as well as in breast, skin, and lung. Case of myoepitheliomas in palate has rarely been reported. Myoepithelial carcinoma is malignant counterpart of myoepitheliomas. Adenomyoepithelioma is also a different disease from myoepitheliaomas. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells of myoepithelial carcinoma express not only epithelial markers such as cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), but also markers of smooth muscle origin such as calponin. The immunohistochemical criteria of myoepithelial differentiation are double positive for both cytokeratins and one or more myoepithelial immunomarkers (i.e., S-100 protein, calponin, p63, GFAP, maspin, and actins). Myoepithelial carcinomas of salivary and breast demonstrate copy number gains and gene deletion. The overall prognosis of myoepithelial carcinoma is poor. There is rarely recurrence or metastasis in benign myoepithelial tumors. Complete excision with tumor-free margin is always the preferred treatment, while local radiation therapy and chemotherapy are suggestive treatment options. Here, a rare case of myoepithelial carcinoma arising from the palate has been described and discussed for the treatment and outcome. Pathological and clinical characters of myoepitheliomas are also compared and discussed.
CONCLUSION
The case report serves to increase awareness and improve the index of diagnosis and treatment of myoepitheliomas.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Microfilament Proteins; Muscle Proteins; Myoepithelioma; Palatal Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Calponins
PubMed: 21917131
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-104 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Feb 2006Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein without intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, whose expression is not restricted to neural cells. NGFR... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein without intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, whose expression is not restricted to neural cells. NGFR is reported to act as a tumour suppressor, negatively regulating cell growth and proliferation. NGFR expression was immunohistochemically analysed in normal breast tissue and in 140 benign, biphasic and preinvasive breast lesions, in 22 tumours with myoepithelial differentiation and in two cohorts of breast cancer patients: a series of 245 invasive breast carcinomas studied with tissue microarrays and 37 high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas with basal-like immunophenotype. NGFR consistently displayed membrane reactivity in myoepithelial cells arranged as a continuous layer around normal ducts and lobular units, intralobular fibroblasts, vascular adventitia and nerve bundles. Myoepithelial cells of benign proliferations and pre-invasive lesions were consistently positive for NGFR. Scattered NGFR-positive cells were observed in solid areas of six out of nine cases of hyperplasia of usual type, whereas in flat atypia, lobular carcinoma in situ and virtually all cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (97.5%), NGFR was restricted to the myoepithelial layer. Positivity for NGFR was observed in 11 out of 245 (4.5%) breast carcinomas, nine out of 20 (45%) metaplastic breast carcinomas and 14 out of 37 (38%) basal-like breast carcinomas. NGFR expression in invasive tumours significantly correlated with that of cytokeratins 5/6 (P<0.05), 14 (P<0.0001) and 17 (P<0.0005) and EGFR (P<0.0001) and displayed an inverse correlation with oestrogen and progesterone receptors (both, P<0.0001). NGFR showed a statistically significant association with longer disease-free (P<0.05) and overall survival (P<0.01) in the cohort of patients with basal-like carcinomas. This study demonstrates the usefulness of NGFR as a new adjunct marker to identify myoepithelial cells in preinvasive lesions and myoepithelial differentiation in breast carcinomas. Furthermore, provisional data in a small number of basal-like breast carcinomas suggest that NGFR may identify a subgroup of basal-like breast carcinomas with good prognosis.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Lobular; Epithelial Cells; Female; Fibroadenoma; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratin-14; Keratin-5; Keratin-6; Keratins; Myoepithelioma; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Growth Factor; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; Receptors, Progesterone; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 16424897
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800542 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Benign proliferative breast diseases are well recognized in young females. Benign biphasic proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells has been observed, among...
Benign proliferative breast diseases are well recognized in young females. Benign biphasic proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells has been observed, among which adeno-myoepithelial adenosis is one of the rare morphologies published in the literature with the tendency to recur and poses a risk for low-grade malignant transformation. Here, we report a case of a young female who had a history of recurrent breast lump mimicking phyllodes tumor and eventually diagnosed as adeno-myoepithelial adenosis on histopathological examination. Benign proliferative breast diseases are well recognized in young females. Benign biphasic proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells has been observed, among which adeno-myoepithelial adenosis is one of the rare morphologies published in the literature with the tendency to recur and poses a risk for low-grade malignant transformation. Here, we report a case of a young female who had a history of recurrent breast lump mimicking phyllodes tumor and eventually diagnosed as adeno-myoepithelial adenosis on histopathological examination.
Topics: Female; Humans; Phyllodes Tumor; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Epithelial Cells; Hyperplasia; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Breast Neoplasms; Myoepithelioma
PubMed: 38358228
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_925_22 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Feb 2012This study aimed to investigate the value of ultrasound in the identification of benign and malignant parotid masses.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the value of ultrasound in the identification of benign and malignant parotid masses.
METHODS
Data of 189 patients with parotid gland masses undergoing ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), core biopsy or surgery were reviewed retrospectively and the presumed sonographic diagnoses were compared with the histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of sonographic diagnoses were assessed and the sonographic characteristics of those lesions, including shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture and vascularization, were studied.
RESULTS
Of the 189 patients, the final pathological diagnosis included 18 malignant tumours and 171 benign masses; the presumed sonographic diagnoses showed 165 cases as benign and probably benign masses (11 cases were confirmed malignant, 154 cases benign) and 24 cases were diagnosed as probably malignant and malignant masses (7 cases were confirmed malignant, 17 cases benign). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of parotid gland masses were 38.9%, 90.1%, 29.2%, 93.3% and 85.2%, respectively, and accuracy for malignant masses was 20%. The sonographic characteristics of parotid masses between benign and malignant lesions had no significant differences. The parotid gland masses in this study included pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumour, retention cyst, haemangiomas, chronic granuloma, lymphoma, fibrolipoma, abscess, basal cell adenoma, oncocytoma, lymphatic tuberculosis, myoepithelioma, neurilemmoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma and retinal blastoma (metastasis).
CONCLUSIONS
It is challenging to use sonography for differentiating between benign and malignant parotid gland masses. To make a definite diagnosis, ultrasound-guided FNA or core biopsy is advocated.
Topics: Adenolymphoma; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemangioma; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 22116132
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/60907848 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2014A 67-year-old woman who was followed as a patient with bronchial asthma for 1.5 years visited our hospital with progressive dyspnea. Although the chest radiography...
A 67-year-old woman who was followed as a patient with bronchial asthma for 1.5 years visited our hospital with progressive dyspnea. Although the chest radiography findings were normal, a chest computed tomography scan revealed a mass obliterating the intrathoracic tracheal lumen. The patient's symptoms disappeared immediately after tumor excision, and no recurrence was observed during a 1.5-year follow-up period. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of densely packed polygonal-, oval- and spindle-shaped cells that were positive for pan-cytokeratin, α-smooth muscle actin and p63. These pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of benign myoepithelioma. Chest physicians should recognize that benign myoepithelioma can develop in the trachea, although it is very rare.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Myoepithelioma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 25030568
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1697 -
Molecular Pathology : MP Aug 2003Molecular genetic changes involved in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation of human tumours are novel targets of cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed...
Analysis of the tumour suppressor genes, FHIT and WT-1, and the tumour rejection genes, BAGE, GAGE-1/2, HAGE, MAGE-1, and MAGE-3, in benign and malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands.
AIMS
Molecular genetic changes involved in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation of human tumours are novel targets of cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to analyse the expression of putative tumour suppressor genes, FHIT and WT-1, and tumour rejection genes, BAGE, GAGE-1/2, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, and HAGE (which are reported to be important in human cancers), in salivary gland neoplasms.
METHODS
Gene expression was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in normal salivary gland tissue and 44 benign and malignant salivary gland tumours.
RESULTS
Aberrant FHIT transcripts were found in one of 38 normal salivary glands, three of 28 adenomas, and two of 16 carcinomas. WT-1 mRNA was detectable in two adenomas and five carcinomas. Immunoblotting showed that WT-1 mRNA expression was associated with raised WT-1 protein concentrations. RT-PCR for detection of BAGE, GAGE, and MAGE gene expression was positive in two adenomas and nine carcinomas, but negative in normal salivary gland tissue. HAGE mRNA was found in two normal salivary glands, 11 benign, and eight malignant tumours.
CONCLUSIONS
FHIT mRNA splicing does not appear to be involved in the genesis of salivary gland neoplasms. The upregulation of WT-1 mRNA in tumours of epithelial/myoepithelial phenotype may imply a potential role of WT-1 in the genesis and/or cellular differentiation of these salivary gland tumours. The tumour rejection genes were more frequently, but not exclusively, expressed in malignant salivary gland tumours than in benign neoplasms, although none was suitable as a diagnostic marker of malignancy in salivary gland neoplasms.
Topics: Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Cystadenoma; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; DNA Helicases; Gene Expression; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Humans; Melanoma-Specific Antigens; Myoepithelioma; Neoplasm Proteins; Palatal Neoplasms; Parotid Neoplasms; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; WT1 Proteins
PubMed: 12890744
DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.4.226